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Editor's Note:
The outline of the 15th Five-Year Plan called for building a modern industrial system, consolidating the foundation of the real economy, and accelerating high-level technological self-reliance and self-strength to lead the development of new quality productive forces. These goals have provided clear direction for industrial transformation and upgrading across various sectors, while injecting strong momentum into high-quality development.
The Global Times has launched a new column titled "China Industry Close-up." Focusing on the creation of a new development pattern, the column will delve deeply into vivid examples of industrial transformation and upgrading across various sectors, aiming to showcase China's innovation-driven and high-quality development. This is the first half of the second installment of the series
Cao Jing, a truck driver based in Shenzhen, South China's Guangdong Province, carefully secured a humanoid robot at the research and development center of a local robotics company on Friday. With steady hands, he and other technical staff first folded the robot and placed it into a black box filled with cushioning pads, then moved the box into the back of his 4.2-meter-long truck, adjusting the straps and padding to keep it steady for the journey. Once everything was firmly in place, he climbed into the cab and set off along the Liuxian Road in Shenzhen's Nanshan district.
Half an hour later, he arrived at the Shenzhen Nursing Home, where the robot would soon begin its new role -serving as a cheerful companion for the elderly while continuously improving itself through daily real-scenario applications.
Cao, a driver for freight company Huolala's enterprise service, told the Global Times that since March and April, he can get four or five such delivery orders a day during peak times, mostly around Liuxian Road, a sharp increase from last year. "The robots I transport have also become much more diverse — from company R&D prototypes and household robots being delivered to customers' homes for testing, to robots designed for all kinds of competition, and even those fighting robots that compete in the octagon," Cao said as he waited at a traffic light on Liuxian Road.
The Liuxian Road is located within the 30-minute supporting circle in Shenzhen's "Robot Valley," an idea that Chinese official highlighted at the 2026 Summer Davos in June.
Just a decade ago, some of this area was little more than old industrial zones, construction sites and urban villages. Today, the Robot Valley — stretching about 10 kilometers along Liuxian Road and covering an area of approximately 28 square kilometers — has transformed into a thriving hub. The corridor is lined on both sides with robot makers, component suppliers, software algorithm firms, as well as universities and research institutions.
The area is now home to over 200 companies across the robotics industrial chain, including more than 25 humanoid robot complete-machine manufacturers, 32 specialized and sophisticated "little giant" enterprises, and 15 listed companies, according to local authorities.
Walking through parts of the valley now feels like stepping into a sci-fi film, where it is common to encounter a "blinking" humanoid robot waving hands around the corner, watch a lively parade of dancing robot dogs and sip a coffee made by humanoid robot, or enjoy a dish prepared by robotic arms.
The rise of this high-tech futuristic valley offers a glimpse into the prowess of China's embodied artificial intelligence (AI) industry, one of the industries of the future identified in China's 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-30) that has drawn intensive global limelight. The valley also epitomizes China's homegrown innovation capabilities, where milestone technological breakthroughs, coupled with rapid iteration, complete industrial chains, and real-world application scenarios converge to turn cutting-edge research into tangible products at remarkable "Chinese speed."
'Half-hour circle'
When Global Times reporters visited Shenzhen robotic firm EngineAI's intelligent manufacturing base in the Robot Valley, several humanoid robots were effortlessly demonstrating high-difficulty moves such as front flips. Some of the T800robots, just backed from the Ultimate Robot Knock-out Legend (URKL), or what organizers billed as the world's first free humanoid robot fighting competition in July, were "battered and bruised."
"In robot combat, we must always be prepared for high-intensity real-world testing," Li Hao, a motion control algorithm engineer at EngineAI, told the Global Times. "Real combat takes place in a continuous, highly uncertain environment full of interference. The real challenge is ensuring that humanoid robots can continuously maintain stability under complex conditions such as moving, turning, punching, absorbing force, and shifts in the center of gravity. In this context, the pace of research and development (R&D), testing, and adjustment is particularly fast — which is why the half-hour industrial circle matters so much to us."
Li gave a vivid example of how his daily routine fully leverages the valley's tight integration of R&D, testing, and manufacturing.
"In the morning, I finish modifying the algorithm at the R&D center. A 25-minute drive then takes me to the production line at the valley's Honghualing manufacturing base for real-machine testing. By the afternoon, I can rush back to the R&D center to upgrade and optimize the algorithm again," he explained.
Since March, Li has been taking Muay Thai lessons together with other core engineers. While he has grown into something of a "Muay Thai master," this proximity of the Robot Valley also allows him to "communicate with robots" every day, optimizing intelligent recognition algorithms and motion strategies based on their performance in real combat. "This is like teaching a baby, and we're training the robots to grow stronger while becoming smarter, day by day," he noted.
Throughout the robot manufacturing, another critical step — robot prototyping — further highlights the unique strength of China's robotics industry.
Pang Jianxin, vice president of UBTECH, a Hong Kong-listed humanoid robot company also headquartered at the Robot Valley, told the Global Times that the valley holds a clear advantage in rapid prototyping and fast product iteration — an edge that "leads the world."
"During prototyping, the volume for production is usually very small, and many companies are reluctant to take on such orders. However, in Shenzhen and the broader Pearl River Delta, there are a large number of supply chain enterprises that are willing to accompany start-ups on new tracks and new products. Based on the design, they can leverage their experience to select suitable materials or processes, quickly complete sample manufacturing, and then rapidly verify the results. This is crucial for hardware R&D, especially for innovative hardware and intelligent robots," Pang explained.
In overseas markets such as the US, the typical process from turning an idea into a physical product, to producing samples and entering the small-scale market, and finally reaching mass production and making debut, could take five-to-ten times longer than the Chinese counterparts, Liu Shaoshan, director of the Embodied AI at the Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, told the Global Times. Liu has worked in the US for a bunch of years before returning to Shenzhen two years ago.
"Robotics is an industry where speed almost decides everything - as half of it is manufacturing, and the other half is about R&D," Liu told the Global Times.
According to Liu, in the US, it can take a week just for industrial chain communication to implement a hardware change or upgrade, and most of their suppliers are located outside the country, which further delays the process. By contrast, the complete supply chain of Shenzhen's Robot Valley enables highly efficient communication — "in some cases, suppliers can even arrive on site within half an hour."
The Global Times also noticed a telling scene during its week-long visit to Shenzhen's Robot Valley: the company visited on the first day turned out to be the exact supplier of the company visited on the second day, while the third-day institute was itself a key testing partner of the second-day company — further underscoring the tightly integrated industrial ecosystem that makes rapid iteration possible.
For embodied intelligence manufactures, the Robot Valley is home to a full range of upstream suppliers — from perception systems such as tactile sensors and LiDAR, to actuation systems including servo motors and joint modules, and core components like robotic arms and dexterous hands. Meanwhile, downstream, large-scale manufacturers in the auto, new energy and electronic industries stand ready to put these robots into broader real-world applications, industry insiders noted.
"Many of the embodied robotics companies in the valley are our customers. Some of them — such as UBTECH, X Square and PUDU — are within a 20-minute drive of our headquarters. It is not an exaggeration to say that if you want to build a robot in Shenzhen's Robot Valley, you can easily find the suppliers you need nearby," Zhao Qiyu, marketing director of publicly listed robotics and AI vision company Orbbec, told the Global Times.
Meanwhile, as China's robotics industry continues to expand, downstream customers are developing increasingly specialized and specific requirements, encouraging companies like Orbbec to launch new products that address these evolving needs, Zhao said.
She cited one of the company's newly launched products, EGO, a head-mounted data collection device designed to capture first-person perspectives and real-world task flows. By collecting multimodal data related to environmental semantics, spatial scale and long-horizon task chains, the device helps generate high-quality training data for downstream embodied AI model companies.
'DeepSeek' moment in robotics industry
Pang from UBTECH recalled firsthand how he has witnessed the drastic change in Shenzhen's Robot Valley and the broader picture of the Chinese robotic industry during the past 10 years.
"When we started the company a decade ago, what we saw from the window was just old industrial base, some construction sites and villages. We were like marching through a dark desert, where even the positions of the stars and the moon could not be seen clearly," Pang said.
He noted that at that time, the most well-known robotics companies on the international stage were the US-based Boston Dynamics, which wooed the world with its signature backflips and parkour moves, and Honda from Japan, whose humanoid robot ASIMO became a global icon. In the Chinese market, domestic companies specialized in humanoid robots "were extremely scarce."
However, a decade later, China's robotics industry has undergone what industry insiders described as "transformative changes," shifting from a follower to a frontrunner. The once "valley of entrepreneurship" has also transformed into a world-class "highland of innovation," Liu Zhufu, deputy general manager of Dobot Robotics, which was founded in 2015, told the Global Times.
Today, China has firmly established itself in the world's first tier of the robotics industry, with Chinese robotics companies having increasingly become a must-visit destination for foreign heads of state during their trips to China - as vividly exemplified by Slovak President Peter Pellegrini's tour of a robotics mall in Beijing's Yizhuang in July and President of Myanmar Min Aung Hlaing' visit to the Unitree Robotics in June.
According to data released by Beijing CCID Publishing & Media Co, China accounted for 84.7 percent of global humanoid robot shipments in 2025, meaning that for every 10 humanoid robots sold worldwide, more than 8 carried the "Made in China" label.
The institute Liu Shaoshan works for has also received a number of officials from Europe, including former UK Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper, as well as corporate delegates from Europe, Japan and South Korea in recent months.
"Many foreign visitors, during their inspections in Shenzhen, would ask me similar questions — why have cutting-edge technologies such as AI and embodied intelligence developed particularly rapidly in China? What can they learn, and what role should their governments play in accelerating this development?"
The answers, according to Liu, lie not in a single technological breakthrough, but in a combination of long-term strategic planning, industrial cultivation, and ecosystem building. "It is precisely thanks to the forward-looking layout and top-level design that China has gradually formed a complete chain spanning basic research, core technology breakthroughs, and industrial applications, while gaining a first-mover advantage in the real-world deployment of robots," Liu stressed.
"China has been promoting the development of the humanoid robotics industry with unprecedented strategic resolve. And the inclusion of intelligent AI into the 15th Five-Year plan (2026-30) carries a lot of significance: it is not only a policy dividend but also offers long-term strategic guidance. It will guide more resources toward core technology breakthroughs and industrial ecosystem building, accelerating the process of humanoid robots moving from the laboratory to factories and into households," Pang said.
When it comes to the local practice echoing this top-level design, the authorities in Shenzhen's Nanshan District have so far opened a total of 68 public scenarios for robot applications, aiming to open up the full chain of "technology R&D - scenario verification - commercial promotion," the Global Times learned.
Encouraged by these developments, industry insiders in the Robot Valley are increasingly optimistic that a "DeepSeek moment" for China's homegrown robotics industry may arrive sooner rather than later.
This moment may not come in a single instant, but a process accumulated from countless "world's firsts" - fueled by continuous homegrown technological breakthroughs and the constant expansion of application scenarios across China.
"Maybe one day, robots will be able to produce robots right here in our manufacturing base—that could be a defining 'DeepSeek moment'," Yao Qiyuan, co-founder of EngineAI, told the Global Times.
。 高市早苗8月15日以自民党总裁名义向靖国神社供奉祭祀费,并在出席“全国战殁者追悼仪式”前进行“遥拜”。致辞中,她只字未提日本对邻国发动的侵略战争,没有道歉,还把此前首相使用的“不重演战争惨祸”改为“不让战争惨祸重演”。

B | 这个改动幅度极小,但责任主体被模糊了。日本国内媒体和网民随即批评声四起。就在同一周,宫城县宣布将于2026年度关闭位于大连的办事处,理由表述为业务调整和成本问题。 高市在投降日说了什么 日本首相在8月15日致辞,是有固定政治含义的场合。

C | 过去的首相大多沿用克制措辞,承认战争责任,承诺不再重演。高市这次做了两件事。第一件,供奉祭祀费和遥拜靖国神社。

D | 第二件,在致辞中删除对侵略战争和殖民统治的直接表述,替换为模糊的责任主体措辞。

E | “不重演战争惨祸”和“不让战争惨祸重演”,乍看接近。前者的默认主体是日本,日本作为战争发动方,承担不重演的责任。后者省略了主体,谁不让重演,没有明确指向。日本国内有声音直接指出这是刻意处理,用来回避对战争的反思。 高市还在致辞末尾说,日本要成为印度-太平洋地区闪耀的灯塔。灯塔这个词本身带有强烈的价值输出意味。

F | 放在战败纪念日这个特定场景,等于把日本定位成区域的道德和秩序引领者,而日本恰恰是那个尚未完成历史责任清算的国家。

G | 这种叙事错位,是中方一直警告的“历史修正主义”最直接的表现形式。 防卫大臣小泉进次郎等多名阁僚在8月15日当天参拜靖国神社,这已经是连续第7年。高市以总裁名义供奉祭祀费,相当于在政党层面为参拜行为背书。日本政府在中韩等国的强烈反对下依然保持拜鬼,说明历史问题已经从“个别政客行为”固化为“执政团队共识”。 高市把历史修正从个人立场升级为政府姿态,这一步跨过去之后,中韩等国在历史问题上的任何外交交涉,都会被东京视为“干涉内政”。历史问题失去了对话窗口,剩下的对抗通道只有军事和安全。 防卫省8月18日公布的计划,2027财年新设三个局:防卫基盘局、国际政策局、设施政策局。日本防卫省过去调整机构,通常会同时裁撤或合并原有部门,保持总规模稳定。

H | 这次只增不减,属于纯粹的规模扩张,在日本防卫行政历史上罕见。 三个新局各有指向,防卫基盘局负责装备采购、产业基础和设施整备。国际政策局专门处理对外军事合作。设施政策局统管基地和基础设施。三个部门合起来,覆盖了从国内防卫产业到海外军事合作再到基地建设管理的完整链。等于把过去分散在各省厅和局部的功能,集中到防卫省内部,形成一套自我循环的军事行政体系。

I | 国际政策局很有意思,过去日本的对外防务合作分散在外务省和防卫省之间,外务省在政治和外交框架内处理安全事务。现在防卫省要设专职部门负责国际政策,意味着对外军事合作不再需要经过外交系统的过渡性安排,防卫省可以直接参与并主导与他国的防务协调。这个变化在行政层面把“对外军事合作”变成了常态职能,日本的“专守防卫”原则在制度上被进一步架空。 更关键的是这种扩张的不可逆性,新设机构一旦运转起来,就会形成固定编制、预算和部门利益。

J | 即使政权更迭,继任者要裁撤这些部门也要付出巨大政治成本。高市政府把这个扩张动作放在2027财年计划里,等于提前锁定了一届政府任内无法逆转的军事行政格局。 日本正在把再军事化从政策层面固化到行政架构层面。机构一旦建立,人员一旦到位,预算一旦编列,任何政党轮替都很难把时钟拨回去。 高市24日在社交媒体上介绍防卫省和自卫队重组政策,包括航空自卫队改组为“航空宇宙自卫队”、成立宇宙作战集团、冲绳驻军从旅团级提升为师团级。这些内容在中国媒体上常被拿来证明日本扩军野心,但日本国内的反应同样值得关注。 日本网民的评论集中在几个方向:民生优先于军事、冲绳再次被当作前沿阵地、高市应该先处理好国内事务。

K | 有评论直接说“难道不能先改善民众生活,再把钱花在军事上”,还有人说“我们正在变成贫穷弱小的国家”。这些声音出现在高市本人的社交媒体下方,说明反对情绪不限于左翼团体,已经渗透到普通民众层面。 冲绳的反应更具体,今年6月高市在冲绳出席活动时被当地民众当面怒呛,要求守护宪法第九条,向冲绳战役死难者道歉。冲绳社会对日本政府加强西南诸岛军事部署的抵触由来已久,高市把驻军从旅团升级为师团,直接加剧了当地的不安。 内阁支持率下滑是另一个指标,日本国内多次出现反对高市军事扩张的集会,这在自民党执政周期内不多见。日本社会对再军事化的接受度,远没有高市在“灯塔论”里表现得那么一致。 问题在于,日本现行政治结构下,民意对军事政策的约束力有限。

L | 自民党在众议院掌握稳定多数,修宪门槛在国会层面已经接近。真正的关口在国民投票,但高市正在通过制造“周边威胁”叙事来影响投票环境。她在不断强化安全威胁的紧迫感,让选民在恐惧中接受军事扩张的既成事实。 日本国内反对高市的声音真实存在,但尚未形成足以阻断军事扩张的政治力量。民意反弹集中在民生和冲绳议题上,缺乏对再军事化整体路线的正面挑战。

M | 宫城县大连办事处关闭,外界猜测理由包括福岛核事故后的食品进口限制、日元贬值推高运营成本、2016年以来无新增企业进驻。从商业角度看,这些理由成立。

N | 一个运营二十年的地方经贸窗口,在贸易环境变化后做出调整,属于正常的地方行政决策。

o | 但这个时间点的选择,让这件事很难被单纯看作商业行为。高市政府正在系统性地调整对华关系的政策框架。

p | 历史问题上倒退,安全政策上扩军,经贸交流上收缩。三件事,宫城县关闭大连办事处很难不让人把它放进更大的背景里观察。 宫城县在中国有特殊文化联系,仙台是鲁迅留学之地,藤野先生的故事在中国几乎家喻户晓。宫城县大连办事处的关闭,意味着这种地方层面的文化经贸纽带在萎缩。中国东北地区和日本东北地方之间的交流,正在从制度化的常设机制退回到零散的非定期接触。 需要指出的是,宫城县的决策属于地方自治行为,不能完全等同于高市政府的对华政策。但日本地方自治体在对外交流上的收缩,通常受到几个因素的共同作用:高市政府在外交和安全上的导向、地方财政的压力、本地区产业界对华业务的实际需求变化。高市政府在对华关系上的整体姿态,构成了地方决策的外部环境。

q | 大连办事处的关闭,是日本对华地方交流萎缩的一个切面。它本身经济分量有限,但放在高市政府历史修正和军事扩张的背景下,传递出的信息是日本正在从社会层面减少与中国的接触面。 中方对日本的警惕,集中在两个问题上:历史认知和军事扩张。这两个问题在上世纪九十年代以来的中日关系中反复出现,但高市早苗把它们推到了新的阶段。 历史问题上,高市把“个人信念”变成了“国家仪式”。她在投降日的致辞、供奉、遥拜,构成了一套完整的政治表达。这套表达没有给日本留下任何向邻国释放善意的余地。中方的回应一直很明确:历史问题不是日本的内政问题,涉及对侵略战争的定性,涉及对受害国人民的交代。 军事扩张上,高市的速度超出预期。初始防卫预算创历史新高,提前两年达到GDP的2%。

r | 首次在国内部署远程导弹,首次试射战斧巡航导弹,允许出口杀伤性武器,情报局投入运作。每一项单独拿出来都可以用“防御”来解释,但合在一起,指向的是一个拒绝被宪法第九条约束的日本。 中方过去常说,要警惕日本军国主义复活。这个判断很长时间里被一些人认为过度警惕。高市上台后的一系列动作,让这个判断从警告变成了现实关切。日本防卫省新设三个局的消息,中方媒体和学界高度关注,是因为中方清楚日本行政架构扩张的不可逆性。

s | 中方的关切是:日本正在把对华对抗从政策选择变成制度安排。历史修正为军事扩张提供合法性,军事扩张为对华强硬提供能力支撑,对华收缩反过来强化国内对抗共识。

t | 这个循环一旦闭合,中日关系的改善窗口就会基本关闭。

u | 日本接下来的动向已经没有悬念,防卫省扩编会继续推进,历史问题上的姿态不会软化,对华关系中的对抗性因素会继续累积。

v | 中方的应对空间,取决于是否愿意用实际的反制措施让日本感受到成本,以及能否在地区层面构建足够强大的牵制力量。返回,查看更多。
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