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US unveils new sanction intended to strangle Iran’s economy as conflict drags on; Tehran vows tough response_我的网站
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As military strikes and diplomatic negotiations have both failed to bring an early end to the roughly six‑month‑old US-Iran conflict, Washington rolled out new sanctions against Tehran on Monday local time intended to further strangle its economy. Iran, for its part, has vowed a tougher pushback.
In a news conference on Monday, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent threatened new sanctions on countries refusing to cut economic ties with Iran, following recent rhetoric from Washington threatening an "economic D-Day" for Iran.
Meanwhile, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) under the US Treasury announced secondary sanctions on nearly 60 entities, individuals, and vessels in multiple jurisdictions which, according to the US' claims, enable Iran's activities, including so-called nuclear and missile technology procurement, cyber operations, and oil-revenue generation networks.
According to Reuters, those sanctions targeted businesses in China, the UAE, Singapore and several other countries, including a cooking-oil refinery in France, but did not include any of the Chinese financial institutions suspected of facilitating Iran's oil trade.
In response to US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent laying out plans for economic asphyxiation of Iran, expanding Washington's secondary sanction threats and warning of dire consequences for countries that do not join the campaign, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian said at a press briefing on Tuesday that China has made clear on many occasions its firm opposition to illicit unilateral sanctions that have no basis in international law or the authorization of the UN Security Council.
"Economic warfare and maximum pressure provide no solution. On the contrary, they only serve to fuel tensions and lead to risk spillover, which will disrupt the global economic and financial order, and harm the legitimate rights and interests of other countries," the spokesperson said.
The pressing task is to facilitate the deescalation of the situation and return to dialogue and negotiation as soon as possible, Lin said, adding that China will do everything necessary to firmly safeguard its rights and interests, Lin added. Lin also said China's cooperation with Iran is conducted within the framework of international law, thus should not be disrupted.
When asked whether China has received any such timeline, as the US stated it would give countries a timeline on when to shut down the actions that it has identified, and how China intends to respond to the relevant announcements by the US Treasury involving China-based entities and individuals, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian stated on Tuesday that China is closely following the developments, and will do everything necessary to firmly safeguard our rights and interests.
In May this year, China's Ministry of Commerce issued a blocking ban prohibiting any recognition, enforcement or compliance with US sanctions imposed on five Chinese companies on the grounds of their alleged involvement in Iranian petroleum transactions.
Relying on its financial hegemony and long‑arm jurisdiction, the US enforces unilateral sanctions with no basis in international law. Such measures severely undermine fundamental consensus for international trade and erode the existing international order, Zhou Mi, senior research fellow at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, told the Global Times on Tuesday.
In essence, Washington is imposing its Iran‑focused policies to enterprises across the globe, compelling third‑party actors to fall in line with its diplomatic objectives, Zhou noted.
The latest sanctions would affect a broader range of countries, industries and firms. They will not only draw wider opposition from the international community, but also boomerang on the interests of US‑owned enterprises, he added.
Fewer levers left
"We are launching an economic onslaught against Iran's financial connections around the globe," Bessent claimed at a press conference. "Our objective is to sever every economic lifeline" that sustains the country, he said, according to a Treasury release.
The US Treasury Department said in a release that the new sectoral sanctions determinations target five critical sectors - digital assets, technology, gold, aviation and shipping - that the US claimed Iran has relied on to support its economy.
US Treasury claimed that "any entity that facilitates money laundering or sanctions evasion on behalf of Iran risks being cut off from the US financial system."
OFAC also suspended several general licenses that previously authorized certain remittance payments to Iran and Iranian access to the US cultural and academic system. The office also issued additional guidance on the so-called sanctions risks of bowing to Iranian demands related to shipping in the Strait of Hormuz.
Mohammad Mokhber, an aide to Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, said in an X post on Monday that Iran's response to US sanctions and pressure will be "more decisive than before."
Iranian Economy Minister Ali Madanizadeh said that Tehran "is and was ready," with a two-year plan to counter Washington's new sanctions. He told state television that "it seems they wished to suffer yet another defeat," per an AFP report.
Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf responded in an X post that "the Americans know no one will believe their nonsense," noting that the US is not in a position economically to restrict its relations with other countries.
Alan Eyre, a distinguished diplomatic fellow at the Middle East Institute, told NBC News that after six months of combat, the US government "has few remaining levers it can use to convince Iran's major trading partners to materially reduce their economic ties."
While Washington's maximum‑pressure campaign may deliver short‑term shocks to Iran's economy, it can hardly "strangle" the country completely, said Liu Zhongmin, a professor at the Middle East Studies Institute of Shanghai International Studies University.
He added that Iran's economic resilience cannot be underestimated. Having borne decades of crippling sanctions from the US and Western nations, Tehran has built substantial experience in sanction‑busting and developed coping mechanisms ranging from basic‑industry self‑reliance and regional trade networks to oil‑for‑goods swaps and non‑US dollar‑denominated trade. Furthermore, the Strait of Hormuz remains a source of strategic leverage for Iran to push back against US pressure.
The expert said that Tehran and Washington are encountering "a battle of wills," and Iran believes the economic costs the US would suffer from a Hormuz blockade would outweigh the damage inflicted on Iran by sanctions.
Washington's "economic strangulation" policy risks ending in failure unless it yields short‑term outcomes, particularly securing the opening of the Strait of Hormuz, Liu added.
Self-created dilemma
As the US ramps up pressure on Iran, Americans are growing averse to a protracted war.
According to a Reuters/Ipsos poll that closed on Monday, US public approval of the war with Iran fell to its lowest level since the conflict's early days, with just 31 percent of Americans supporting US military action.
On June 18, the US and Iran signed an MoU, under which the two were scheduled to hold negotiations within a period of 60 days, which ended on August 17, to reach a final agreement. However, the talks' fate remains unclear following renewed escalation between the two countries.
Iranian political analyst Mostafa Khoshcheschm told Al Jazeera that the new US sanctions intended to create an "economic onslaught" were a "political show" of intimidation.
Liu said that by resorting to an "economic strangulation" tactic after miring itself in a fruitless military quagmire over Iran, the US has laid bare its practical predicament and strategic dilemma, and seemingly running out of cards.
Citing sources, CNN reported earlier this month that the US military has exhausted nearly 80 percent of its interceptors for a key missile defense system as senior US military commanders are warning that the Pentagon's munitions stockpile is "dangerously low."
Faced with depleted ammunition stockpiles and insufficient military‑industrial capacity, and amid growing domestic criticism of its Middle East policy, the White House has opted for tough economic measures against Iran, Liu said. "Less costly than military coercion, such moves help Washington strike a tough posture before voters and shun political risks from further military escalation," said the expert.
There is, however, an increasingly obvious paradox in Washington's economic warfare against Iran: the tighter the sanctions, the tighter global energy supplies become, and the higher costs borne by American consumers and businesses, the expert added.
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二 | 特斯拉（TSLA.US）于北京时间7月23日凌晨发布2026年第二季度财报，整体业绩承压（EPS不及预期，自由现金流转负），但Optimus人形机器人的产业化进展成为本次更新中最具边际变化的方向。
三 | 弗里蒙特工厂原Model S/X产线已停用，首代Optimus专用产线正在安装，目标年产100万台；得州超级工厂Optimus机器人基地进入主体建设阶段，目标年产能1000万台。官方文件已将两地产线标记为建设阶段，Optimus从产品验证正式迈入产线落地与投产倒计时。特斯拉7月22日收报374.01美元，下跌1.30%，盘后再跌4.13%至358.55美元。A股方面，7月23日机器人板块开盘承压，机器人ETF易方达（159530）盘中跌约1.15%，绿的谐波（688017.SH）、拓普集团（601689.SH）、三花智控（002050.SZ）等核心零部件标的同步走弱。 一、Optimus产线落地：从愿景到制造的实质性跨越 弗里蒙特工厂的产线切换是本次更新的核心信号。原Model S/X产线停用并转为Optimus专用产线，意味着特斯拉已经将机器人从研发项目提升为正式制造项目，产线资源的重新分配反映了公司层面对机器人业务的优先级判断。得州超级工厂的Optimus基地同步进入主体建设，目标年产能1000万台，这一规模目标远超当前任何单一工业机器人厂商的产能规划，体现了特斯拉对机器人市场的长期押注。
四 | 首批机器人将进入Optimus Academy（ASO.US），主要用于训练数据采集和功能开发。
五 | 数采是这批机器人的首要应用场景，通过人类示范、互联网数据和机器人自主练习的结合，以强化学习推动通用任务能力的迭代。这一数据飞轮的设计思路与特斯拉在自动驾驶领域的积累一脉相承。 二、制造-数据-芯片-供应链：系统性闭环初步形成 马斯克在财报电话会上将Optimus称为特斯拉有史以来规模最 大的产品，并坦承量产初期将经历又平又长的S曲线，因为零部件新、现成供应链少。但零部件供应链的订单有望提前看到，这意味着上游企业将率先受益于量产准备期的备货需求。
六 | 芯片方面，特斯拉AI5计划首先用于Optimus，Grok将承担Optimus的任务调度和语音交互。特斯拉在自动驾驶领域积累的AI芯片和算法能力正在向机器人领域迁移，形成技术复用和成本分摊。供应链层面，三星、台积电（TSM.US）、美光、松下等合作伙伴已通过晶圆厂产能、存储配额和电池产能投入提供支持，Optimus的供应链体系正在从零开始构建。 三、投资逻辑切换：从事件驱动走向产业验证 人形机器人板块的投资逻辑正在发生本质变化。此前板块的核心驱动力（920275.BJ）是特斯拉AI Day、样机演示等事件性催化，股价表现为短期脉冲式波动。随着Optimus进入产线建设阶段，决定板块持续性的变量转向产线建设进度、灵巧手与执行器可靠性、以及首批机器人在工厂和Optimus Academy中的训练效果。
七 | 这一切换意味着，板块的投资机会将从宽泛的概念炒作收敛到真正有订单、有产能、有技术壁垒的零部件环节。减速器、灵巧手、丝杠、电机等核心零部件的国产供应商，有望在特斯拉供应链订单落地和国内人形机器人产业链跟进的共振中获得双重催化。 四、核心标的逐一拆解 绿的谐波（688017）7月23日盘中报311.00元，下跌1.80%。公司是国内谐波减速器龙头，产品已进入国内外主要机器人厂商供应链。谐波减速器是人形机器人关节的核心零部件，单台人形机器人用量远高于工业机器人，绿的谐波在产能规模和产品精度方面的领先地位使其成为机器人产业链中确定性较强的受益标的。 拓普集团（601689）7月23日盘中报47.42元，下跌4.18%。公司在汽车底盘和热管理领域积累的精密制造能力正向机器人执行器延伸，已布局机器人直线执行器和旋转执行器产线。公司较早切入特斯拉供应链，与特斯拉在机器人领域的合作具备客户关系的先发优势。 三花智控（002050）7月23日盘中报37.09元，下跌3.31%。公司是全球制冷控制元器件龙头，在机电执行器领域的技术积累使其具备向机器人关节模组延伸的能力。公司在精密制造和规模化量产方面的经验，是人形机器人零部件供应商的核心竞争力之一。 鸣志电器（603728.SH）7月23日盘中报48.42元，下跌1.30%。公司在控制电机及其驱动系统领域深耕多年，空心杯电机产品已应用于机器人灵巧手。灵巧手是人形机器人中技术壁垒最高的零部件之一，对电机的体积、精度和响应速度要求极高。 贝斯特（300580.SZ）7月23日盘中报19.06元，下跌1.45%。公司在精密零部件和自动化装备领域有深厚积累，滚柱丝杠等产品正向机器人领域拓展。
八 | 丝杠是机器人直线执行器的核心传动部件，国产替代空间较大。
九 | 五、关注思路 特斯拉Optimus从样机演示走向产线建设，标志着人形机器人产业正在从零到一的阶段跨越。这一进程将沿三条逻辑向A股传导：一是核心零部件（减速器、丝杠、电机、传感器）率先受益于量产备货需求；二是具备特斯拉供应链经验的零部件厂商具备客户关系先发优势；三是国内人形机器人产业链的跟进将为国产供应商创造第二增长曲线。
十 | 机器人ETF易方达（159530）跟踪国证机器人产业指数，是全市场规模最 大的机器人主题ETF，指数中人形机器人含量超过90%，前十大权重股全部为人形机器人产业链公司，覆盖减速器、灵巧手、丝杠、电机等核心零部件环节。7月23日盘中该ETF报1.290元，较前一交易日下跌约1.15%，在科技板块整体承压背景下跟随调整。
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